The Topic of Public Relations Essay Example for Free

The Topic of Public Relations Essay Public relations are essential part and parcel of any organization for its smooth running with sustained courage. Every leading management industries, accounting firms, institutions, and name it, pay huge emphasis to the subject of public relation among other important issues pertinent to growth. Imagine the best of the companies in the world without publicity; it is like hiding cold water in the far Sahara desert of the hottest climate. The present world of globalizations has rather advanced beyond mere publicity; it is the game of marketing the worse along the only available demand. It involves constant briefing of the progress of the organizations with the consciousness of keeping tract on the goal. The smaller the industry, the more effective is the relation essence is fulfilled. Many people would prefer â€Å"boutique† firms to â€Å"global communication† firms. This in a way reminds of the need for effectiveness of relations irrespective of size for sustenance.   Personal Definition Public relations is the systematic way of relating the development, activities and forecast of an institution to the masses towards bridging the communication gap between the firm (government or non-governmental organization) and the stake holders. Usually, a goal driven organization is set to fully utilize the available raw material to a fashioned and newly refined product. The suppliers of the raw materials could either be the tax payers, the shareholders or an asset from the entrepreneur.   Public relations is, simply-stated, the art of creating and maintaining relationships between an organization and the public.   Edward Bernays In 1807, sequel to Thomas Jefferson first use of the word public relations in a conceptual sense of a â€Å"political policy† than the contemporary meaning in a communication bridging, Edward Bernays accordingly defines thus, â€Å"Public Relations entails the management activities where public attitudes are drawn, defines the policies, procedures and interest of an organization followed by accomplishment of program of action to earn public understanding and acceptance† (Edward, n.d)   Robert Heath In the contemporary world, Robert submits that â€Å" Public relations is a set of management, advisory, supervisory, and technical functions that foster an industry’s capability to strategically listen to, appreciate, and contribute to those persons who are rather contributive to the missions, values and objectives of the organization with the return of mutual exchange† (Robert L. n.d.). It is of important to note here that the management function is directed at strengthening symbiotic profit-cost relationships between an institution and its entire public.   The Modern Organization Picture The underlining need for public awareness is preserved in all definitions of public relations, with little or no contrast. The present industries invest heavily in research at all levels, through the marketing department. Individual opinions are gathered in form of data. The data are collected, collated. From this thesis are formulated and appropriate recommendation follows. Of cogent is the need to strike out every problem and accordingly map out the best resolution to resolve future crisis. This is publicly presented in form of awareness. All is solely aimed at meeting the objectives of sustaining the company-to-persons mutual benefits.   For a professional running in the modern practice of public relations, relations required are in the fields of art, social sciences (psychology, anthropology, sociology and democrat), local and international politics, economics and the acts of management and ethics. Technical knowledge is necessary for researches accomplishment most importantly in the final dissemination of the findings through the media of any form.   Albeit, many public relation officers are somehow regarded as corporate slaves, may I further stress that companies who have senses of relevancies in the public enrichment designate this assignment to the office of the director of public relations, and some the office of the Public relation manager. Organizations like police department, trade unions at large found the need for instituting a quarter for same purpose. References Scott M. Cutlip, Allen H. Center,Glen M. Broom, Effective Public Relations, 7th Ed., Prentice-Hall, Inc. A Simon and Schuster Company, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 07632, 1994.

International Marketing Essay -- essays research papers

Introduction In this assignment, I am going to invent a product, examine all the environmental aspects surrounding it and relate them to the micro and macro environments. I will then carry out a SWOT analysis and an environmental analysis and then draw a number of conclusions and recommendations for my imaginary company. My product I have chosen to invent a product for which there seems to be a market, or at least, there is no similar existing product. It is a conventional swivel clothesline, but with an additional feature. It will have the ability to keep clothes dry when it starts to rain. This is achieved by the water sensors, which are integrated into the design. They then activate an umbrella like cover that shields the clothes from the rain. Marketing Environmental Analysis The marketing environment consists of a Microenvironment and a Macroenvironment. The microenvironment deals with internal factors, which could affect the company's ability to service its market, such as competitors, suppliers, distributors and consumers. The macroenvironment are those factors, which are outside the control of the company. They include social, cultural, political, economic and technological changes. They vary constantly, often with no predictability. Primarily, it is these changes that can cause the most significant threats and opportunities to a business The Micro- Environment Competition The 'No Worries' clothesline is an original product, which people will inevitably copy over time, making competition something to worry about in the next 5 years. Competitors will cause a major threat to business. They can compete with prices making it more attractive to the customer to shop at their outlet. They can make their version of the product more attractive, i.e., more features. From research carried out from previous assignments, I have discovered that consumers want quality value for money and will build a strong loyalty to those who provide it. Customers I understand my company will have to be customer focused, as we are a marketing orientated company. I will need to make a clear decision about the type of customer that I wish to target with my campaign. I will need to carry out some field research into what my market requires or likes and how I can meet those requirements or wants. Mainly though, I can predict that my target market will be middle aged women, poss... ... shop when they are bored or depressed and they buy luxury items. This is why companies so broadly target them. I will advertise where they are most likely to see it, outside supermarkets, shopping centres and mostly places where it will be on sale. I am aiming primarily to raise public awareness of my product  · I believe that I should use penetration pricing to start with. This would entice potential customers to purchase my product, and once they realise it is a durable and reliable piece of manufacturing, they will return, and I will gain customer loyalty.  · I recommend that the Flow method of production should be used. This will be fast and cost effective, ensuring maximum output at minimum cost.  · I shall base my promotion strategies within the UK because of seasonal factors, such as rain.  · I also recommend strongly that my product be redesigned every year to keep up with technology and to keep consumer interest alive. It gives old customers a reason to buy a new clothesline and new ones a reason to start buying our clotheslines.  · I shall look into a patent for my product. If this were considered to be a good idea, it would eliminate a lot of the threats to my originality.

Discovery and Hypothesis-based Science Approach Essay

The article, taken from the New York Times on March 03, 2009, tackles about the possible reasons for an increase in land fires in Indonesia. It was a claim that tried to defy the common thinking that drought is usually the cause of these fires, and showed several evidences to prove it. Upon reading the whole article and the study itself, one can easily conclude that the scientists used the discovery approach. The researchers began collecting data for the sole reason of gaining a better understanding on the possible causes of land fires. They did not formulate a hypothesis prior to data collection, nor did they think of draught as being the plausible cause. As a matter of fact, their first interpretation of their data is that low levels of rainfall correlates with increase chances of having wild fires. However, the results also show other significant data, on which the scientists draw their new conclusions from. It is then hypothesis based on the experiment already made. The researchers, in order to obtain just results, studied previous reports and cases of fires from the 1960’s to 2006. Aside from obtaining the obvious results regarding the low amount of rainfall, they found out a big difference on fire outbreak on Sumatra and Kalimantan – that even though these islands experience the same amount of rainfall, fires became common in Kalimantan only during the 1980s. Further data led to the researchers to hypothesize that the increase of population during the 1980s posed a great threat to the environment, for the government started to switch to large agri-business, which tends to abuse the land and cause accidental fires. Although the experiment did not use any control groups, I think that their case does not require one at all. The only possible question is whether the data they obtained were as accurate as possible. They mentioned that data obtained after the 1990’s were from fire-monitoring satellites, but those from the 1960s to the 1980s were merely from visibility records from airports. These can then be causes of discrepancies, since the method for data collection is not the same for all. Further more, what may be a fire signal for a fire-monitoring satellite may not be as such in the view from an airport. Aside from these, the report and the scientific approach seemed to be done well. They were able to obtain results that would significantly change man’s outlook on the environment. Article 2. Theory and Experiment Meet, and a New Form of Boron Is Found In this article, published in the New York Times last February 4, 2009, a great discovery was mentioned and brought up to the world. It is the isolated or creation of a new kind of boron. This element, as the article explains, have been studied by many scientist for around 200 years. Several boron compounds have come into existence, but it was only in 1909 where an almost pure, about 99%, boron was isolated. This then triggered the continuing study to locate other kinds of boron, such as what was done with carbon and hydrogen. In 2004, two researchers were able to produce a new kind of boron, one that is very stable and almost as hard as a diamond. It was done on super high pressure, and is very heat resistant and remains its hardness even after removing the pressure. Although the facts seem to state that this is a discovery science, the presence of the history and previous studies suggest this to be a hypothesis-based approach. They knew before hand that it is possible for boron to undergo different forms, and that the first three was not as stable as it should be. With this under their belt, they proceeded into testing new variables that would create the super-stable boron. And by altering the pressure, they were able to do that. The experiment was simply straight forward, done independently by the researchers only with no sponsors or any product endorsement. It was a simply experiment backed up by hypothetical information and theory from previous studies. The experiment was valid, since the product was also tested via several laboratory procedures to confirm its identity as boron. Computer-based crystallography analysis was also done to corroborate the stability of the element. As far as the experimental method and the results, the researchers were able to do a perfectly valid scientific experiment. Article 3. From Tons of Manure, a Growth Industry This final article, also from the New York Times newspaper, was published on March 1, 2009. It is about how two researchers were able to convert their farm cow manure into something more efficient and useful. The whole project took about 8 years, and a $72,000 grant from the Agricultural Business Cluster for the Cowpots to be born. These are flower seeding pots made directly from the manure of cows. Today, the industry has bloomed to its fullest, being able to produce several pots and attaining the interest of many costumers. As suggested by the facts and figures above, the researchers used a hypothesis-based scientific approach in this project. The mere fact that a grant was given means that a proposal was submitted to the grantor. It is then possible that within this proposal, the proponents of the project already outlined their possible hypothesis and even the methodology to attain answers to their problem. It is then a pre-planned idea, which began with a question and a hypothesis. Although the paper did not specify the exact procedure undertaken by the researchers in creating the Cowpots, the process seemed to be a combination of trial and error testing on the product’s ability to grow plants. It is then possible that a company, particularly those that are from or connected in any way to the Agricultural Business Cluster, could benefit from the project itself. But nothing was explicitly said on the paper. In addition to this, the study also used control groups, particularly in testing their pots. They mentioned of side-by-side comparison with normal seeding pots. These are entirely valid, and are in fact a great way to test the effectiveness of their product. Works Cited All articles were obtained from the New York Times Newspapers dated March 03, 2009, February 4, 2009 and March 1, 2009.

The Death Penalty Is It Constitutional Or Moral Essay

The Death Penalty: Is it Constitutional or Moral? The death penalty has long been the most prevalent and the most severe punishment in the world. Humanity has been using death as a sentence seen the time humans acquired the ability to slay each other. In many primitive societies, the act of killing a person as retribution for violating a crime was adopted by the governing powers of that those societies. Since the establishment of the Ancient Laws of China, one of the oldest continuously operating legal system on the Earth, the death penalty has been recognized as an adequate punishment for certain offenses. Also, in the 18th Century B.C., the Babylonian code of law or the Code of King Hammurabi recognized legalized execution as punishment for twenty-five different crimes. The death penalty as its roots in America before the colonization of the New World by the Europeans. Since the time of the Natives American tribes, the death penalty has been used to punish thief’s, murderers, and so on. Then when the Europeans colonies defi ned themselves as the United States of American in 1776, a new guideline of rights was ratified. These rights make up the Constitution of America and lay down an expectation for the treatment of America’s citizens. However, is the death penalty appropriate or even constitutional in this age? One of the most shunned occurrences in the lives of colonials was the unjust, brutal execution of individuals for opposing Great Britain. Therefore, the framers ofShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty Is The Only Good Enough Punishment1065 Words   |  5 Pagesgiven the death penalty for murder are neither innocent nor victims. There’s nothing moral about how a criminal murders an innocent victim. These kinds of individuals should be removed from society permanently. The death penalty is the only good enough punishment for taking a human life unlawfully and is the only moral action (Van den Haag 1983). Our laws based ultimately on ancient Jewish laws which is the basis of all western morality and is in which the death penalty was practiced. The death penaltyRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1143 Words   |  5 PagesAllison Shu 2/25/16 Period 2 Objective paper on the death penalty Capital punishment is legally authorized killing as punishment for a crime. The death penalty questions the morality of killing a person as justification for their crime. It also brings to question whether the death penalty actually serves as a deterrent for crime, and that some of the people executed are found innocent afterwards. The debates over the constitutionality of the death penalty and whether capital punishment should be usedRead More Capital Punishment Is Necessary1130 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica today† (Death Penalty 55). Keeping the death penalty upheld and established in all states would greatly decrease that number. Something must be done to keep citizens safe and to keep the murder rates low. Capital Punishment is a rightly justified penalty because it is moral retribution, constitutional, and it deters crime. One reason that Capital Punishment is just is the idea that it is moral retribution to the murderer. According to David Gelernter, the death penalty supporter’s viewRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Cruel And Unusual Punishment988 Words   |  4 PagesThe death penalty has been around for centuries. It dates back to when Hammurabi had his laws codified; it was â€Å"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth†. Capital punishment in America started when spies were caught, put on trial and hung. In the past and still today people argue that, the death penalty is cruel, unusual punishment and should be illegal. Yet many people argue that it is in fact justifiable and it is not cruel and unusual. Capital punishment is not cruel and unusual; the death penaltyRead MoreThe Death Penalty : An Important Development For The Human Right868 Words   |  4 Pagesand security of person.† It is a statement of a general moral principle incorporated into a political document binding on those who belong to the United Nation (UN). On the flip side, the death penalty as practiced by most of the countries had its record since the 8th century (in Roman law). The reformation movement against capital punishment took place during the last half of the century. The debates on the abolition of death penalty sill exist today within the legal fraternity, and so the purposeRead MoreEssay On The Death Penalty1641 Words   |  7 PagesThe death penalty plays a controversial role in modern society. Many arguments against the death penalty are raised to question whether it is biased against race or violates the constitution. Reuben Greenberg, the first black police chief involved in innovative criminology and author of the article â€Å"Race, the Criminal Justice System, and Community-Oriented Policing,† openly shares his opinion on how race does not affect the death penalty. Reuben Greenberg also proves false accusations of the deathRead MoreCapital Punishment Is Not So Easy Way Out892 Words   |  4 Pagesmurder, rape and child abuse. Not only capital punishment is morally and ethically wrong, Capital punishment also violates our constitutional rights, it also takes the lives of innocent people and it cost more to the people living in the states that approve this punishment. Capital Punishment is should be abolish in all the states of the United States of America. Cost of Death The majority of people would certainly agree with putting an end to this individuals lives believing that is the right thingRead MoreCapital Punishment : Deontology Vs. Consequentialism1165 Words   |  5 Pagesconsequentialism Subject: Analyze the deontological and consequentialist arguments on both sides of the issue of capital punishment in Gregg v Georgia. In this paper I will present the moral arguments of deontology and consequentialism used to determine whether or not using the death penalty was in fact constitutional. I will present both sides of the arguments and present them in the context of this trial and of similar situations where the arguments could also be applied. In the case of Gregg vRead MoreDeath Penalty As A Form Of Capital Punishment895 Words   |  4 Pages In some states they practice death penalty as a form of capital punishment. The death penalty has been around since the country has been founded and is defined as the punishment of execution, administered to someone legally convicted of a capital crime. Legally there are only a number of ways one can be executed here in the U.S, those include; lethal injection, electrocution, gas chamber, hanging, and firing squad, with lethal injection being the most common form. For centuries people have arguedRead MoreThe Constitutionality Of Capital Punishment1726 Words   |  7 Pagessupporters of the death penalty counter that this clause was not intended to prohibit legal executions. In the 1972 court case of Furman vs. Georgia, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that capital punishment was no longer legal. However, in Gregg v. Georgia (1976), the court allowed capital punishments to resume i n certain states, and shortly thereafter, Gary Gilmore was executed by a firing squad in Utah. Since the reinstatement of capital punishment in the United States, a separate penalty trial has been